Mystic Caverns advertisement

Mystic Caverns

Mushroom Valley’s nightclub era began as Prohibition (1919–1934) was winding down. There were two nightclubs here in the 1930s: Mystic Caverns and Castle Royal. A local mushroom grower recalled “the bumper-to-bumper cars that poured past here day and night to those nightclubs.” Oliver Towne called Mushroom Valley “one of the oddest night club belts in the world.” Mystic Caverns—not […]

Yoergs Cave junk

Yoergs Brewery Cave

Minnesota’s first brewery, which produced lager beer, was established in 1848 by Anthony Yoerg, in St. Paul. Yoerg, like many St. Paul brewers to come, was a native of Bavaria, the cradle of the German brewing industry. It wasn’t until 1871 that Yoerg moved to the location that was to be so closely associated with […]

Schieks Cave in 1939

“Cave Shaped Like an Inverted Bowl”: The 1904 Discovery of Schieks Cave

Schieks Cave—aka Farmers & Mechanics Bank Cave—is the largest cave under downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota.  The otherwise excellent chapter on the cave’s history in the 1980 NSS Guidebook does not specify exactly when, or by whom, the cave was discovered.  That information, however, is contained in the following newspaper clipping, slightly abridged, from the Minneapolis Tribune, […]

brewery cave

Exploring St. Paul Brewery Caves

The Community Reporter is a monthly newspaper with a circulation of 12,000 serving the Fort Road neighborhood of St. Paul, Minnesota. In 2007, the editor invited me to contribute a feature about my investigation of historic caves under that part of town and the two articles that resulted were published in August and September. While […]

Chutes Cave tourist

A Minnesota Show Cave Advertisement from 1876

Chute’s Cave, in Minneapolis, operated as a show cave from 1876 to 1880 (conservatively estimated). A newspaper advertisement for Chute’s Cave, from the Saint Paul and Minneapolis Pioneer-Press and Tribune, August 26, 1876, is transcribed below. Although there are earlier newspaper advertisements for Fountain Cave, in St. Paul, dating back to 1852, they are very […]

University Cheese Caves

Several years ago I corresponded with Dr. Howard A. Morris, of the Department of Food Science and Nutrition at the University of Minnesota, regarding the former U of M cheese caves in St. Paul, MN. Beginning in the early 1930s, the university rented two caves, one twice as long as the other, from the Villaume […]

Fountain Cave tourist

Tourist Accommodations at Fountain Cave

I felt chagrined at one of the NSS conventions a few years ago, when, having just given a slideshow about St. Paul’s Fountain Cave in the Spelean History Session, a well-known speleohistorian (who shall remain nameless) got up to speak at the American Spelean History Association lunch meeting that followed. He referenced, among other things, […]

Kittsondale stairway

Exploring the Kittsondale Tunnels

Norman Kittson was a famous fur trader in the early history of Minnesota. He built a huge mansion on the site where the St. Paul Cathedral now stands. After retiring from business, he built horse stables in the Midway area of St. Paul, and in Erdenheim, Pennsylvania. The St. Paul stables were known as Kittsondale. […]

Hidden Falls at St Paul, MN

The Ice Age Traveler

I submitted this story fragment for a literary contest in the Star Tribune in 2014. Who knows where it would have led?

Carver's Cave entrance 1999

“A Bigger Thing”: The Rhetoric of Exploration in Early Minnesota Caving

The following clipping, from the St Paul Dispatch, December 3, 1913, is the earliest document I have seen regarding the mysterious inner room of Carver’s Cave. However, the discovery narrative presented therein is also of interest as the earliest Minnesota “trip report” to employ the rhetoric that has become so familiar in caving newsletters everywhere […]